145) ANSWER

A) Hot chocolate

D) Spinach salad

RATIONALE

A magnesium level of 2.8 is elevated (normal is 1.4-2.1 mEq/L), most likely as a result of inadequate renal secretion secondary to the chronic renal failure. Foods high in magnesium include whole grains; legumes; oranges; bananas; green, leafy vegetables; and chocolate. First, recognize the magnesium level is elevated. Recall foods high in magnesium to choose options 1 and 4.

144) ANSWER

D) Impaired verbal communication

RATIONALE

At this age, a 1-year-old is beginning speech. This child will have trouble developing language because of the spasticity. Urinary incontinence occurs in all 1-year-old children, as does feeding self-care deficit. Thought processes are difficult to evaluate in a 1-year-old. The core issue of the question is the ability to determine appropriate nursing diagnoses for a client with cerebral palsy while taking into consideration growth and development. Use nursing knowledge and the process of elimination to make a selection.

143) Answer

A. Nausea

Rationale

•Ethosuximide (Zarotin) most commonly causes GI distress, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

•Other side effects include sedation, lethargy, headache, ataxia, and confusion.

142) ANSWER

C) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

RATIONALE

Because ACE inhibitors can cause fetal harm or death, they should be discontinued as soon as pregnancy is detected. The effect on breastfeeding infants is unknown. The effect of other medications is unknown during pregnancy. There is only one correct answer to this question. In order to select the correct answer, review the complications of each medication.

141) ANSWER

B) Venous drainage from the brain.

RATIONALE

Keeping the head of the bed elevated to 30 degrees promotes venous drainage, which is important in decreasing ICP. Alignment of the head prevents obstruction of the jugular veins. Obstruction would impede venous drainage. Recall that appropriate drainage is enhanced by gravity. Keeping the head of the bed elevated will promote drainage.

140) ANSWER

A) Whiteheads

RATIONALE

Whiteheads are classified as closed comedones. Blackheads are open comedones. Options 3 and 4 are irrelevant. The core issue of the question is knowledge of various skin eruptions. The wording of the question tells you that the correct response is also a true statement of fact. Use the process of elimination and nursing knowledge to make a selection.

139) ANSWER

C) Eupnea respirations

RATIONALE

The action of theophylline is bronchodilation, which should relax respiratory efforts. Eupnea is normal respirations, which should be a direct result of bronchodilation. Recall that eupnea means normal breathing, which is the goal of therapy.